{"errCode":0,"errMsg":"success","timeStamp":"1778389850","data":{"trueId":"2017612633064000750","title":"多地网友自称新冠“二阳”，第二波感染高峰要来了吗？","author":[],"tags":[],"detail":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e受访专家：\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院呼吸与感染性疾病科主任医师 李侗曾\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e西安交通大学第二附属医院感染科主任医师 党双锁\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e环球时报健康客户端记者 牛雨蕾\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e近日，多地网友在社交平台上晒出自己的阳性抗原，称“二阳”了。中国疾控中心发布数据称，4月14日至4月20日新发现本土重点关注变异株275例；15日公布数据称首次监测到的15例XBB.1.16，本周已增加到42例。五一假期将近，很多人准备出行，该如何理性看待“二阳”的话题?“环球时报健康客户端”特邀首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院呼吸与感染性疾病科主任医师李侗曾、西安交通大学第二附属医院感染科主任医师党双锁权威答疑。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg data-type=\"image_card\" src=\"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/ffeba8521c5fe8bde3cc67d6c488e2cce260f32c.jpg\"/\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1. 新冠病毒变异情况如何？是否能突破免疫屏障？\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e李侗曾：当前全球流行的XBB毒株有特殊位置的变异，主要是增加了病毒的免疫逃逸能力，意味着传染性更强了。近段时间，临床上新发病例仍以“初阳”的人为主。人群中第一轮感染的抗体水平仍旧存在，病毒不太可能突破群体免疫屏障。但到下半年后，尤其是冬季，群体的抗体水平开始下降，如有更新的变异毒株开始流行，还是有可能出现较多的感染者。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e党双锁：病毒变异将带来一些特殊症状，如眼部出现结膜炎等。新冠对免疫屏障的影响则包括多个层次。从群体层面来说，此前的一轮感染中约有70%病人“阳过”，产生了抗体，未来在群体层面不会再有大量的人群“二阳”。但从个体层面来说，在一个大流通环境下，体内抗体数量较低的人感染概率还是较高的。此前没有感染过的人、感染过了但是感染前没有接种疫苗、感染过了也接种过了疫苗但是体内抗体水平仍较低的人，等几类人，仍有较高的感染可能性。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. 离去年年底到今年年初的感染高峰，已经过去了几个月，人群抗体可能出现怎样的变化?普通人是否有必要查抗体水平？\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e李侗曾：没有症状的就不必专门查。医院里查的都是核心抗体的数量，并不是保护性抗体的数量。保护性抗体属于S蛋白抗体，只有在研究机构、疾控机构的检验部门才能检测。换句话说，医院里查到的抗体水平并不能决定个体的感染风险，病不能保证得或不得。临床上“二阳”的病例并不多，也没有发现其体内抗体数量的特殊性。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e党双锁：文献揭示，个体感染后1-2个月抗体量呈高峰状态，此后逐渐下降，半年后降至较低水平，感染率就会增加。近期有发烧、身体不舒服不适应的，可尽量到医院检查一下，排除新冠。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e3. “二阳”的症状会比“初阳”更轻一些么？\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e李侗曾：会轻一些。“二阳”症状仍以上呼吸道感染症状，发烧咳嗽咽痛等为主，约三天后体温正常。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e党双锁：但本身身体情况差的人，老人、慢性病患者、儿童等，症状不一定会更轻。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e4. 会不会有第二波高峰？对于感染率、重症率、死亡率，您怎么看？\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e李侗曾：不会集中暴发。且由于第一轮大部分人已经有了抗体、当前的药物储备也较多、医生的治疗经验更丰富，感染率、重症率、死亡率都会低很多。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e党双锁：不会出现波峰，可能出现小波浪。此前一轮感染后，大量人群形成了人群范围的免疫屏障，此轮感染人数不会很多，不会有大范围的波峰。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg data-type=\"image_card\" src=\"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/056d1006ce995d80dade7cc44da66dca643127b9.jpg\"/\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e全国发热门诊（诊室）诊疗人数变化趋势\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e5. 我们还要不要打疫苗？哪些人群应重点关注？很多人可能觉得没必要了，您怎么看？\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e李侗曾：大家从心态上都希望疫苗能保护机体不感染。此前一部分人接种后也感染了，于是有失望的情绪，导致接种疫苗的意愿下降。但大家一定要了解，接种疫苗可有效降低重症、危重症风险。尤其是如果秋冬季开始流行，打疫苗更有利于个体防护。未来疫苗的接种重点是脆弱人群。接种的种类也会更丰富，有吸入式疫苗，二价、四价疫苗等。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e党双锁：能接种尽量接种。我们在临床发现，完整完成三次接种的人体内抗体水平较没有接种的人来说更高。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e6. 如果打疫苗的话，该打什么疫苗？二价疫苗有什么作用？\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e李侗曾：二价四价疫苗、mRna疫苗等都是针对奥密克戎病毒的疫苗，预防上可能会有更好效果。此外，吸入式疫苗也能提供更好的呼吸道黏膜保护，在上呼吸道产生黏膜抗体，可以起到预防感染的效果。吸入式疫苗已经有不少地方能用，二价、四价的疫苗预计下半年普及。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e7. 我们要不要储备一些药物，以备不时之需？\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e党双锁：不建议大家抢购。国内特效药已上市，储备量足够。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e李侗曾：特效药、抗病毒药物等，医疗机构的确需要储备，尤其是基层，如社区医院、学校等机关单位的医务室、企业医务单位等，将储备前移，群众需要时就可以及时使用。普通人不建议，一方面会造成浪费，让真正需要用的人买不到，另一方面药物都有禁忌、相互作用，普通人拿不准时贸然吃药反而会适得其反。家庭储备日常需要的解热镇痛、止咳化痰药就可以。储量也按照日常需求，不必大量储备。此外，大家也要明确，无论是中草药还是西药，都没有预防作用，只在有症状时可以治疗、缓解。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e8. 五一假期马上就要来了，很多人即将踏上旅程，应注意什么？\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e李侗曾：出行肯定会增加交叉感染风险，个体要做好防护，尤其需注意手部卫生。没有阳过的人群、儿童、孕妇、有基础疾病的老人等脆弱人群更要做好防护，尽量错峰出行。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e党双锁：大家已经封了三年，今年春天一定要畅快出游。但该做的防护措施一定要做好。口罩需分情况讨论，在室内及人群密集处仍需要佩戴，在户外人少、空气流通强的地方，可适当摘掉。▲\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e责编：徐梦莲\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e主编：李迪\u003c/p\u003e","createdAt":1682302779,"updatedAt":1682302781,"source":0,"reprintedUrl":"https://www.lifetimes.cn/article/4CbunEQmTxf","type":0,"vShowStyle":0,"transCodingObjKey":"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/6445e73cf1037e0001185366","transCodingObjKeyMp4":"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/","mpIcon":"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/5c586cc0-b80c-11ed-8d88-763443d37210.png","mpName":"环球时报健康客户端","mpIsVerified":true,"mpId":"288230376151741757","covers":["https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/ffeba8521c5fe8bde3cc67d6c488e2cce260f32c.jpg"],"coversType":0,"blurImage":"","publishedAt":1682243820,"classificationName":"健康","tap":19529,"likeCnt":0,"userIsLike":false,"isFeedAd":false,"compositeId":"2017612633064000750|0|0","editedAt":0,"mpLinkType":0,"mpLinkTypeList":[],"coverType":0,"settled":0,"settledEntity":"","settledInfo":"","hideView":0,"hideLike":0},"hisHots":{"hotData":[{"trueId":"8646911284554729365","title":"踩指压板有养生功效","author":null,"tags":null,"source":0,"reprintedUrl":"https://www.lifetimes.cn/article/4LBnv1QSdXo","type":0,"vShowStyle":0,"mpIsVerified":false,"covers":["https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/4990cc0388eeba879d006138075ef5efec97e939.jpg"],"coversType":0,"blurImage":"","publishedAt":1737620220,"tap":0,"likeCnt":0,"userIsLike":false,"isFeedAd":false,"compositeId":"8646911284554729365|0|0","editedAt":0,"mpLinkType":0,"mpLinkTypeList":null,"coverType":0,"settled":0,"settledEntity":"","settledInfo":"","hideView":0,"hideLike":0},{"trueId":"5188146770731535559","title":"美国科学家：常游泳，增加词汇量","author":null,"tags":null,"source":0,"reprintedUrl":"http://www.lifetimes.cn/article/44nEqGf3H24","type":0,"vShowStyle":0,"mpIsVerified":false,"covers":["https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/999deceb6f23e9b275491db3a1dbfbdaa47320e6.jpg"],"coversType":0,"blurImage":"","publishedAt":1631792636,"tap":0,"likeCnt":0,"userIsLike":false,"isFeedAd":false,"compositeId":"5188146770731535559|0|0","editedAt":0,"mpLinkType":0,"mpLinkTypeList":null,"coverType":0,"settled":0,"settledEntity":"","settledInfo":"","hideView":0,"hideLike":0},{"trueId":"8646911284552344136","title":"魔芋，热量低饱腹感强","author":null,"tags":null,"source":0,"reprintedUrl":"http://www.lifetimes.cn/article/46I9bkbzj31","type":0,"vShowStyle":0,"mpIsVerified":false,"covers":["https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/7515368086179b431faa4ee885c3c77c04cdb5f3.jpg"],"coversType":0,"blurImage":"","publishedAt":1641427740,"tap":0,"likeCnt":0,"userIsLike":false,"isFeedAd":false,"compositeId":"8646911284552344136|0|0","editedAt":0,"mpLinkType":0,"mpLinkTypeList":null,"coverType":0,"settled":0,"settledEntity":"","settledInfo":"","hideView":0,"hideLike":0},{"trueId":"1152921504607884733","title":"能自愈的“抑郁”不是病！超过两周要就医","author":null,"tags":null,"source":0,"reprintedUrl":"http://www.lifetimes.cn/article/46aBIkzY0XU","type":0,"vShowStyle":0,"mpIsVerified":false,"covers":["https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/9873913671c8563b0392bc0d4aa2edb445ac6025.jpg"],"coversType":0,"blurImage":"","publishedAt":1643304600,"tap":0,"likeCnt":0,"userIsLike":false,"isFeedAd":false,"compositeId":"1152921504607884733|0|0","editedAt":0,"mpLinkType":0,"mpLinkTypeList":null,"coverType":0,"settled":0,"settledEntity":"","settledInfo":"","hideView":0,"hideLike":0}],"mpName":"环球时报健康客户端","mpIcon":"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/5c586cc0-b80c-11ed-8d88-763443d37210.png","mpIntro":"","mpId":"288230376151741757","mpIsVerified":true},"similar":[{"trueId":"7782220156101117492","title":"花粉过敏咋应对？药要足量足疗程，外出穿戴“三件套”","author":null,"tags":null,"source":0,"type":0,"vShowStyle":0,"mpIcon":"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/a726cca7-bd29-11ef-9a13-da34210fc9a7.png","mpName":"人民日报一撇一捺","mpIsVerified":false,"mpId":"5764607523034504941","covers":["https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/e226bf73-27fc-11f1-8ab2-be45e0e12866.jpg","https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/a0bf69a1-27fc-11f1-8ab2-be45e0e12866.png","https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/a0c0ad53-27fc-11f1-9d5a-721e9fc8121a.png"],"coversType":0,"blurImage":"","publishedAt":1774410712,"tap":0,"likeCnt":0,"userIsLike":false,"isFeedAd":false,"compositeId":"7782220156101117492|0|0","editedAt":0,"mpLinkType":0,"mpLinkTypeList":null,"coverType":0,"settled":0,"settledEntity":"","settledInfo":"","hideView":0,"hideLike":0},{"trueId":"1441151880763719514","title":"热点解读，省疾控专家带你认清致命“汉坦病毒”","author":null,"tags":null,"source":0,"reprintedUrl":"https://m.voc.com.cn/xhn/news/202605/32601760.html","type":0,"vShowStyle":0,"mpIcon":"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/01a69afe-ae69-11ec-93e9-368536d81367.png","mpName":"湖南日报","mpIsVerified":false,"mpId":"1152921504606907135","covers":["https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/7021a8134262cc9a01c9a09b82d34b985e2d9cc6.jpg"],"coversType":0,"blurImage":"","publishedAt":17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