{"errCode":0,"errMsg":"success","timeStamp":"1777367263","data":{"trueId":"4323455642278025720","title":"一面红火，一面萧条，社区食堂究竟何去何从？","author":[],"tags":[],"detail":"\u003cp\u003e近年来，多地接连兴办社区食堂，打通了便民服务“最后一公里”，面向老年人的低廉价格也让人称道。然而，一段时间以来，“首批社区食堂关门潮来临”的话题引发讨论，不少地区传出社区食堂“经营不力、关门走人”的消息；另一方面，原本服务老年人的食堂慢慢吸引了年轻人的目光，“到社区食堂吃饭”在年轻人群体中逐渐流行开来。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e那么，社区食堂的现状如何？它们为何做起了年轻人的生意？年轻人又为何选择社区食堂？社区食堂未来将会走向何方？新华日报·交汇点记者日前走访了南京多家社区食堂。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e物美价廉\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e年轻人中意社区食堂\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e每到饭点，位于建邺区白龙江西街江湾城的社区食堂总是格外热闹。工作日中午，不足20平方米的店面里，不少食客在排队打饭用餐，除了老年人，记者还看到了一些年轻人的身影。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e一荤一素一汤15元，这是在附近从事新媒体运营工作的林童的午餐。她不仅自己常到社区食堂吃饭，还会推荐身边的朋友、同事过来吃，“懒得烧饭，下馆子动辄三四十块钱，点外卖又怕不干净，有这么个社区食堂，吃饭就省事多了”。同样在附近工作的白领鲍惠汝已在社区食堂吃了半年，如今每周有一半中晚饭在这里解决。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg data-type=\"image_card\" src=\"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/a5368ffbf7a00ada0b848b5b91248886742e4934.jpg\" alt=\"\"/\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e30岁出头的外卖小哥钮飞是第一次来此用餐。他告诉记者，自己不久前刚来南京工作，看到骑手群里有人推荐这个食堂，说是物美价廉，于是就来尝尝，“确实不错，以后吃饭可算找着地方了”。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e记者走访发现，光顾社区食堂的年轻人中，既有双职工父母，也有单身打工族。便宜、卫生、便捷，是他们选择在社区食堂用餐的普遍原因。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e不只是江湾城社区食堂，位于玄武区梅园街道的兰园助餐点，也深受年轻顾客的欢迎。中午12点半左右，10多位正在用餐的食客中，只有两三位老年人。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“这会儿正是年轻人用餐的时间点。”一旁，兰园助餐点的负责人汪健告诉记者。原来，伴随着年轻顾客的增多，食堂逐渐形成了一套用餐时间表。“通常老年人和年轻人会错峰用餐。老年人习惯早些吃饭，上午10点至11点半左右是他们的用餐时间；11点半至1点左右，食堂里则以年轻顾客居多。”\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e汪健表示，偶遇客流量较大的情况，会优先保障老年人及社区居民的用餐需求，“办食堂的初衷就是方便老人、解决他们的用餐问题，这一点是不会改变的”。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e盈利困难\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e社区食堂面临经营挑战\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e从事餐饮行业20多年，在承接兰园助餐点前，汪健曾是多家酒店的管理者。“计划做社区食堂前，有不少同行劝我不要‘下海’，称这是个吃力不讨好的活计。”汪健清楚地认识到，社区食堂公益属性较强，并不是个赚钱的行当，“远不及经营一家商业化酒店的营收”。因此，在揽下“重担”后，他第一时间便开始琢磨，如何能让社区食堂长久地生存下去。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg data-type=\"image_card\" src=\"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/482aace4a0a2161581d47c38e2797e12411fe627.jpg\" alt=\"\"/\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e栖霞区尧化街道尧石二村社区栖彩食堂的运营组织主任黄秀丽也表示，只服务老年群体根本无法支撑食堂的日常运营，“要是没有相关政策贴补，很多助餐点、食堂早就坚持不下去了”。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e采访中记者了解到，目前南京市通过补贴的形式支持助餐点开设工作，一家助餐点每年最多可获得奖补资金15万元；设置中心厨房补贴，每家每年最多可获得奖补资金25万元。同时，不少社区为社区食堂免费提供经营场地，部分社区还提供水电气方面优惠减免，并帮助食堂做宣传。但即便如此，社区食堂的生存仍然面临严峻挑战。今年以来，全国范围内有多家媒体都曾报道过，部分地区的社区食堂难以为继，已悄然关门。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e那么，社区食堂的经营究竟存在哪些难题呢？\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e汪健与记者算了一笔账，在兰园助餐点，素菜售价在2元到4元之间，荤菜售价在6元到8元之间，比外面饭店菜价优惠30%到50%，利润空间很低。同时，食堂每月要开出1万多元的人员工资，以及买菜成本、水电气等必要开销。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e在“薄利”的情况下，只得更依赖“多销”。按日常营业情况来看，助餐点一天约向200多位老人供餐，经过优惠政策的调配，每餐的消费水平一般在8元到12元左右，甚至有些老人只需花费4元到6元，很少有“高消费”出现。而这样的消费水准，让一家食堂的运营能做到保本已属不易。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e栖彩食堂的工作人员也表示，社区里大多数老年人日常吃穿用度比较节省，每顿用餐花费基本在10元左右。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e老人普遍的低消费水平和运营中不可避免的固定开销，导致社区食堂的收支难以平衡。“不能一直依靠街道、政府补贴‘输血’，社区食堂自身要有‘造血’能力。”汪健说。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e探索求变\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e社区食堂开拓新发展空间\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e如何在坚持公益性的前提下，增强社区食堂的“生命力”？\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e在溧水区永阳街道中山路社区便民服务餐点，厨师的一口锅炒出了两种类型的菜色。“老年人食用的菜色都是低油低糖、经过营养搭配的。年轻人则可以像在外面餐馆一样自行点餐，做法和口味上也会更符合他们的喜好。”社区驻点社工高文路告诉记者，年轻人的光顾可以说撑起了社区食堂一半以上的营业额，“说白了，就是通过市场助餐的利润去分摊甚至补贴老年人吃饭的成本”。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg data-type=\"image_card\" src=\"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/939b7ebba5255e132a3ab86d446c608edc572f5a.jpg\" alt=\"\"/\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e除了提供散客点单，这家助餐点还通过团餐、宴席等方式扩大客流。“之前有不少顾客咨询过聚餐相关事宜，针对此类需求，我们还设立了独立包间。”高文路说。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e记者注意到，像这样从老年食堂、助餐点扩容为服务更多食客的场所，已成为多数社区食堂谋求生存的首要策略。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e通过市场调研，栖彩食堂最初就定位于服务周边所有居民的社区大食堂，力求将年轻顾客纳入食堂日常运营之中。“我们发现，很多年轻人面临用餐难的问题。街头快餐越来越贵，外卖不够健康，自己烧饭既麻烦又难保存，他们一直在寻找解决就餐难题的新途径。因而，我们认为，年轻人是完全可以成为食堂的目标消费人群。”黄秀丽欣慰地说，如今食堂内年轻客源已占据50%以上。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg data-type=\"image_card\" src=\"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/spider/full/0e4f0e496949cefd08fa0016be6bf348de657b66.jpg\" alt=\"\"/\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e事实上，除了让人“好好吃饭”，社区食堂还可以被赋予更加多元化功能。与社会餐饮相比，社区食堂具备更强的社交属性和公益性，因而更容易赢得居民们的情感认同。记者注意到，一些社区食堂正利用此项优势，丰富经营业态，跳出单一用餐功能，与其他养老服务功能相结合，形成“社区食堂+”模式。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e在南京市建邺区北圩路社区助餐点，除了就餐场所，理疗室、书画室、茶室、党群活动室也一应俱全，满足了老人们的不同需求。据该助餐点负责人俞鸣介绍，将社区食堂服务嵌入到养老服务之中，让老年人能够享受到更加多样化助老服务。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e对此，黄秀丽也表示，社区食堂不仅帮助老人们解决用餐问题，更像是为他们提供精神寄托的一个地方。“很多老年人比较孤独，来到社区食堂，除了用餐，还能和其他老人聊聊天，温馨的气氛能缓解他们的孤独感。”\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e开设社区食堂，是民生服务和基层社会治理的一部分，其本身就具有公益属性。采访过程中，很多负责人向记者表示，尽管运营不易、盈利空间不大，仍会坚持下去。“不能因为不赚钱、难赚钱就不做。办法总比困难多，看到老人们吃得开心，我们也感到很欣慰。”汪健说。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e新华日报·交汇点记者 张洁茹\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e编辑: 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