{"errCode":0,"errMsg":"success","timeStamp":"1777981062","data":{"trueId":"8935141660705261527","title":"警惕加巴喷丁类药物的滥用","author":[],"tags":[],"detail":"\u003cp\u003e□ 黄元 荣右明\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e加巴喷丁类药物包括加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林，两者结构和作用机制相似。加巴喷丁类药物最早作为癫痫发作的辅助治疗药物，目前主要用于各类疼痛的治疗。加巴喷丁在我国批准的适应证包括癫痫部分发作的辅助治疗、带状疱疹后神经痛。普瑞巴林在我国批准的适应证为带状疱疹后神经痛、纤维肌痛。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e药物滥用情况较普遍\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e加巴喷丁类药物最初被认为是相对安全且耐受性良好的药物，但自1994年以来，美国等多个国家和地区报道了加巴喷丁滥用情况。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e近年来，加巴喷丁类药物滥用情况仍在不断增加，其具体机制尚不明确，推测可能与GABA介导有关，因为某些GABA调节药物也容易引起滥用，比如苯二氮卓类药物等。滥用的患者中还存在大剂量用药情况，有报道指出，部分患者服用普瑞巴林的剂量比推荐最大剂量高20倍。滥用可导致头晕、跌倒、嗜睡、共济失调等不良事件发生的风险增加，尤其联用阿片类药物时不仅增加了呼吸抑制风险，还可能增加死亡风险。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e如何预防药物滥用\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e为防止药物滥用，医师应注意以下问题。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e开具处方前，检查患者是否有药物使用障碍史和药物滥用或依赖的体征。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e治疗期间定期监测患者，尤其对当下或既往使用阿片类药物和/或苯二氮卓类药物的患者，应特别监测是否出现剂量增加或寻求药物的行为。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e开具普瑞巴林或加巴喷丁与阿片类药物合用的处方应谨慎，因合用有中枢神经系统（CNS）抑制风险，可能导致严重镇静、呼吸抑制、昏迷和死亡。对于需要同时使用包括阿片类药物在内的CNS抑制药的患者，应仔细观察是否有CNS抑制体征，如嗜睡、镇静和呼吸抑制。将剂量和疗程限制在达到预期治疗效果所需的最小范围内。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e部分患者在停止短期和长期治疗后会出现戒断症状，包括失眠、头痛、恶心、焦虑、多汗和腹泻。建议在至少一周内逐渐停药。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e常规用药后可能出现的不良反应\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e按照药品说明书推荐剂量使用，加巴喷丁类药物最常见的不良反应包括头晕、嗜睡、水肿、共济失调（可表现为走路不稳、运动协调性差、语言异常等）、疲劳、眼球震颤、病毒感染、发热、恶心、呕吐、敌意等。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e加巴喷丁还可能引起严重不良反应，如多脏器超敏性（可表现为发热、皮疹、多个脏器异常）、过敏反应（可表现为呼吸困难、低血压或喉咙和舌头肿胀）、出血性胰腺炎（可表现为持续性腹痛、恶心、反复呕吐）。如果出现上述症状，患者应立即就医。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e（作者单位：山东省药品不良反应监测中心）\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e","createdAt":1684207184,"updatedAt":1684207185,"source":0,"reprintedUrl":"http://bk.cnpharm.com/zgyyb/2023/05/16/319096.html","type":0,"vShowStyle":0,"transCodingObjKey":"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/6462f651c9f6570001f2c223","transCodingObjKeyMp4":"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/","mpIcon":"https://img.hubpd.com/hubpd/ad28ec10-c530-11ec-be45-ce7461699b21.png","mpName":"中国医药报","mpIsVerified":true,"mpId":"60209","covers":[],"coversType":0,"blurImage":"","publishedAt":1684166400,"classificationName":"健康","tap":18993,"likeCnt":0,"userIsLike":false,"isFeedAd":false,"compositeId":"8935141660705261527|0|0","editedAt":0,"mpLinkType":0,"mpLinkTypeList":[],"coverType":0,"settled":0,"settledEntity":"","settledInfo":"","hideView":0,"hideLike":0},"hisHots":{"hotData":[{"trueId":"6917529027646194129","title":"【创新药投融视界】 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